In each of the four examples listed below, one of the given variables is independent (x) and one of the given variables is dependent (y). Indicate in each case which variable is independent and which variable is dependent.

I. Rainfall; Crop yield
II. Ability to concentrate; Level of fatigue
III. Miles driven; Gas consumption
IV. Average annual snowfall; Geographic location

1. I, D

2. D, I
3. I, D
4. D, I