why do exteremely hot particles emit certaion amount of light ?
Hot means movement of molecules, and movement of atoms, and movement of electrons in atoms. Electrons emit light when they jump down to a lower energy state, or release "heat".
Extremely hot particles emit light due to a phenomenon called "blackbody radiation." When an object is heated, its atoms or molecules gain energy and become excited. As they return to their original energy states, they release the excess energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation, which includes light.
To understand why hot particles emit light, you need to understand a few key principles. First is the concept of temperature - the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object. When an object gets hotter, its particles move faster, and their kinetic energy increases.
Next is the concept of energy levels in atoms or molecules. These particles have discrete energy levels, and when they absorb energy, they move to higher energy levels. As they spontaneously transition back to lower energy levels, they emit the excess energy as light.
The amount and color (or wavelength) of light emitted by hot particles depend on their temperature. As temperature increases, the intensity of the emitted light also increases across a broader range of wavelengths. This relationship is described by Planck's law, which states that the intensity of radiation is proportional to the fourth power of temperature.
To calculate the exact amount of light emitted by hot particles, scientists use the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which relates the total power radiated by a blackbody (an idealized object that perfectly absorbs and emits all wavelengths of light) to its temperature. The formula is:
P = σ * A * T^4
Where P is the power radiated, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, A is the surface area of the object, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
So, in summary, extremely hot particles emit a certain amount of light due to blackbody radiation. The energy they gain from the heat causes their atoms or molecules to become excited, and as they return to lower energy levels, they release the excess energy as electromagnetic radiation, including visible light.