How were the ideas of Louis XIV and Philip II similar? How were they different?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France
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To understand the similarities and differences between the ideas of Louis XIV and Philip II, we need to look at their respective reigns and the political, religious, and cultural contexts in which they ruled. Let's start with the similarities:
Similarities:
1. Absolutism: Both Louis XIV of France and Philip II of Spain were strong advocates of absolute monarchy. They believed in the divine right of kings, which meant that they had ultimate power and authority over their realms.
2. Centralization of Power: Both monarchs sought to centralize power in their respective countries. They aimed to consolidate authority under their control, limiting the influence and independence of regional nobles and nobility.
3. Patronage of the Arts: Both rulers were great patrons of the arts and invested heavily in cultural projects, architecture, and literature. They used the arts to glorify their reigns and promote their image as powerful and enlightened monarchs.
Differences:
1. Religion: One significant difference between Louis XIV and Philip II was their religious affiliations. Louis XIV was a devout Catholic and sought to unify France through religious conformity, going as far as revoking the rights of Protestant Huguenots with the Edict of Fontainebleau. In contrast, Philip II was a staunch defender of Catholicism and sought to combat the rise of Protestantism in his territories, notably during the Spanish Inquisition.
2. Foreign Policy: Another difference lies in their foreign policies. Louis XIV pursued an aggressive expansionist policy, which led to numerous wars in an attempt to extend French influence and control. Philip II, on the other hand, focused on defending and expanding Spain's vast colonial empire, particularly in the Americas.
3. Economic Challenges: While both rulers faced economic challenges, their approach differed. Louis XIV implemented mercantilist policies to boost French industry and trade, whereas Philip II faced severe economic strain due to wars and excessive spending, leading to high levels of indebtedness.
To find more specific information and supporting examples, you could refer to reliable historical sources such as biographies or academic articles on Louis XIV and Philip II. Analyzing primary sources, such as their official decrees and writings, can also shed light on their respective ideas and policies.