When a parent gives a child a time-out for misbehavior, the parent is using what type of sanction?
a) Positive formal
b) Positive informal
c) Negative formal
d) Negative informal
I'm thinking either (b) or (d)
Which is it? Negative or positive?
negative?
Yes, time outs are negative reinforcements.
Are you sure its informal and not formal? How does your book distinguish between these?
Positive Negative
Informal Smile, Frown,
pat on the back criticize,
push away
Formal Prize, Get fired,
medal, ceremony jail,
death penalty
Thanks. It looks like a time out is a negative formal reinforcement.
Positive informal - Smile, pat on the back
Negative informal - Frown, criticize, push away
Positive formal - Prize, medal, ceremony
Negative formal - Get fired, jail, death penalty
To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the meanings of each option and determine which one describes the situation of a parent giving a child a time-out for misbehavior.
a) Positive formal: This refers to a situation where a person receives a reward from a formal authority for following rules or behaving positively. This option does not apply to the given scenario because a time-out is not a reward or positive reinforcement.
b) Positive informal: This refers to a situation where a person receives a reward or praise from an informal authority for behaving positively. Although a time-out may be considered a positive way of addressing misbehavior, it is not an informal authority providing a reward or praise. Therefore, option (b) is not the correct answer.
c) Negative formal: This refers to a situation where a person receives a punishment from a formal authority for not following rules or behaving negatively. Since a time-out is a form of punishment, this option seems plausible.
d) Negative informal: This refers to a situation where a person receives a punishment or criticism from an informal authority for not following rules or behaving negatively. Since a parent is an informal authority figure and a time-out can be seen as a punishment, this option seems plausible as well.
To determine the correct answer, let's compare options (c) and (d). Both options involve punishment and informal authority figures. However, option (c) specifically mentions a "formal" authority figure, while option (d) refers to an "informal" authority figure.
In the given scenario, when a parent gives a child a time-out for misbehavior, it falls under the category of an informal authority figure (parent) providing a punishment (time-out). Therefore, the correct answer is (d) Negative informal.
Remember, when faced with multiple-choice questions, carefully analyze each option, eliminate the ones that do not fit the situation, and choose the best answer based on the given information.