(a) Explain why DNA replication is necessary for mitosis. How are drugs that inhibit DNA replication useful in the treatment of cancer?
(b) Describe and explain some of the risks and unfortunate, yet common, side effects associated with this kind of chemotherapy?
(a) DNA replication is necessary for mitosis because it ensures that each new cell produced during cell division receives an identical copy of the genetic material. Mitosis is the process by which cells divide to create new cells for growth, repair, and reproduction. During mitosis, the DNA molecule needs to be duplicated to form two complete sets of chromosomes, one for each new cell.
Drugs that inhibit DNA replication are useful in the treatment of cancer because cancer cells often divide and grow rapidly. By targeting DNA replication, these drugs can interfere with the ability of cancer cells to divide and multiply. They can disrupt the DNA synthesis process and prevent the replication of cancer cells, leading to their death or slowing down their growth. This can help to control or eliminate the cancerous growth.
(b) Chemotherapy drugs that inhibit DNA replication can have various side effects due to their effects on both cancer cells and normal cells. Common side effects include:
1. Hair loss: Chemotherapy drugs can damage the cells responsible for hair growth, leading to hair loss. This can be temporary, and hair usually grows back after treatment.
2. Nausea and vomiting: Chemotherapy drugs can irritate the lining of the digestive system, leading to nausea and vomiting. Medications are often given to help manage these side effects.
3. Fatigue: Chemotherapy can cause fatigue or extreme tiredness. This can be due to the impact on normal cells' energy production and metabolism.
4. Suppressed immune system: Chemotherapy drugs can affect the production and function of white blood cells, which are responsible for fighting infections. This can increase the risk of infections and make it harder for the body to recover.
5. Increased risk of bleeding and bruising: Some chemotherapy drugs can affect the production of platelets, which are responsible for clotting blood. This can lead to an increased risk of bleeding and bruising.
6. Gastrointestinal issues: Chemotherapy drugs can damage the lining of the digestive tract, leading to issues such as diarrhea, constipation, or mouth sores.
It's important to note that not all patients will experience these side effects, and the severity can vary. Healthcare professionals work closely with patients to manage and minimize these side effects through various supportive measures and medications.