Muscles under the peripheral portion of the central nervous system (CNS) are under ________.
A. Unconscious or involuntary control
B. Conscious or voluntary control
C. The control of the autonomic nervous system
D. All of the above
D?
No, It's B.
It's B /The peripheral portion of the central nervous system (CNS) controls the skeletal muscles. Thus, these muscles are under conscious, or voluntary, control.
Yes, the correct answer is D: All of the above.
Muscles under the peripheral portion of the central nervous system (CNS) can be under unconscious or involuntary control, conscious or voluntary control, and also under the control of the autonomic nervous system.
To understand this, it is important to know that the central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes the nerves and ganglia (collections of nerve cell bodies) that lie outside of the CNS.
Muscles under unconscious or involuntary control are controlled by the autonomic nervous system, which is a part of the peripheral nervous system. The autonomic nervous system regulates many bodily functions without conscious effort, such as the contractions of smooth muscles in the organs and blood vessels.
On the other hand, muscles under conscious or voluntary control are controlled by the somatic nervous system, which is also a part of the peripheral nervous system. This allows us to intentionally move our muscles and perform voluntary actions.
Therefore, since muscles under the peripheral portion of the central nervous system can be under unconscious or involuntary control (controlled by the autonomic nervous system) as well as conscious or voluntary control (controlled by the somatic nervous system), the correct answer is D: All of the above.