1)As a volunteer subject in a sleep research lab, Conrad is routinely awakened each time he shows physiological signs of entering REM sleep. As a result, we would not be surprised to discover that, during Session 19, when Conrad is left undisturbed all night,
A. The content of Conrad's dreams tends to reflect concern with excretive functions.
B. Conrad exhibits more time spent in REM sleep.
C. Conrad exhibits less time spent in REM sleep.
D. The content of Conrad's dreams is significantly more focused on threat or violence.
2) During the ___phase of problem solving, a means-ends analysis is a very common heuristic.
A.algorithm
B.preparation
C.judgment
D.production
3) Professor Dore maintains that language develops through the interplay of genetically determined factors and environmental influences that shape how language is learned. Professor Dore supports the
A.interaction approach to language development
B.nativist approach to language development
C.learning theory approach to language development
D.linguistic-relativity hypothesis
1. B
2. B
3. interplay = interaction
1) C. Conrad is routinely awakened each time he shows physiological signs of entering REM sleep. This disruption of REM sleep is likely to result in less time spent in REM sleep when he is left undisturbed all night.
2) B. Preparation. During the preparation phase of problem solving, a means-ends analysis, which involves breaking down the problem into subgoals and comparing the current state to the desired goal state, is a common heuristic.
3) A. Interaction approach to language development. Professor Dore maintains that language development is influenced by both genetically determined factors and environmental influences, which is the central focus of the interaction approach to language development.
1) To answer this question, we need to understand the concept of REM sleep and how it is affected by being routinely awakened. REM sleep is a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, increased brain activity, and vivid dreaming. When Conrad is routinely awakened each time he shows physiological signs of entering REM sleep, it interrupts his sleep cycle.
Given this information, we can eliminate options A and D because they are discussing the content of Conrad's dreams, which is not directly related to the effects of being routinely awakened. The correct answer lies between options B and C.
If Conrad is routinely awakened each time he enters REM sleep, it is likely to disrupt his REM sleep. So, during Session 19, when Conrad is left undisturbed all night, we would expect him to compensate for the interrupted REM sleep by spending more time in REM sleep to make up for what he missed. Therefore, the correct answer is B, Conrad exhibits more time spent in REM sleep.
2) To answer this question, we need to understand what a means-ends analysis is and which phase of problem solving it is commonly associated with. A means-ends analysis is a problem-solving heuristic in which a person identifies the difference between the current state and the goal state, and then takes action to reduce that difference.
The four options given are various phases of problem solving. The correct answer lies between options A, B, C, and D.
Preparation involves gathering information and organizing it to prepare for problem-solving. Judgment involves evaluating different options and making decisions. Production involves implementing and executing the chosen solution. Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or method for solving a problem.
Out of these options, the one that is most closely related to means-ends analysis is production, as it involves taking action to reduce the difference between the current state and the goal state by implementing a solution. Therefore, the correct answer is D, production.
3) To answer this question, we need to understand the different approaches to language development and identify which one Professor Dore supports. The options provided are interaction approach, nativist approach, learning theory approach, and linguistic-relativity hypothesis.
The interaction approach states that language development is influenced by both genetically determined factors and environmental influences. The nativist approach argues that language is primarily determined by innate, biological factors. The learning theory approach emphasizes the role of environmental factors in language development. The linguistic-relativity hypothesis states that the structure of a language influences the thoughts and behavior of its speakers.
Given this information, we can see that Professor Dore supports the interaction approach to language development because he believes that language develops through the interplay between genetically determined factors and environmental influences. Therefore, the correct answer is A, the interaction approach to language development.