what type of clause or phase is painting Frances has plenty of time to devote to her painting.

A clause is a group of words that has a subject and verb.

A phrase is a group of words that doesn't have a subject and verb; it may have a noun or pronoun, and it may have a verb form, but not a subject and verb as in a sentence or clause.

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In the sentence "Frances has plenty of time to devote to her painting," the phrase "to her painting" is a noun phrase functioning as a complement of the verb "devote." It is an infinitive phrase that acts as a modifier, providing additional information about how Frances will use her time. Specifically, it describes what activity Frances will engage in with the time she has.