create a null hypothesis on these research questions:
a. what are the differences between emergency room shifts on medication errors?
b. On a clinical trial of a new drug what will be the effects over a currently used drug?
a. Ho: Shift length is not related to medication errors
or Ho: Medication errors in standard/normal shifts = medication errors in extended shifts
b. Ho: New drug effects = current drug effects
a. The null hypothesis for the research question "What are the differences between emergency room shifts on medication errors?" would be: There are no significant differences between the medication error rates across different emergency room shifts.
b. The null hypothesis for the research question "On a clinical trial of a new drug, what will be the effects over a currently used drug?" would be: There is no significant difference in the effectiveness or side effects between the new drug and the currently used drug.
To create a null hypothesis for each of the research questions, we need to express the absence of an expected relationship or effect. Here are the null hypotheses for the given research questions:
a. Null hypothesis: There are no differences between emergency room shifts in terms of medication errors.
To gather data and test this null hypothesis, you would need to analyze medication error rates across various emergency room shifts and compare them statistically.
b. Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in the effects of the new drug compared to the currently used drug in the clinical trial.
To test this null hypothesis, you would conduct a clinical trial with a control group (using the currently used drug) and an experimental group (using the new drug). Then, you would compare the outcomes between the two groups to determine if there is a significant difference or not.