explain way in which urban landscapes can modify city climates.

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There are a number of sites here which will give you information on this.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=urban+landscapes+can+modify+city+climates&btnG=Google+Search

Of course! Urban landscapes can have several ways of modifying city climates. Here are a few examples:

1. Heat Island Effect: Cities tend to absorb and retain heat more than rural areas due to the high concentration of concrete, asphalt, and tall buildings. This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, can significantly increase the temperature of a city compared to its surrounding areas.

2. Air Pollution: Urban areas often experience higher levels of air pollution due to factors like vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and energy consumption. This pollution affects the air quality and can contribute to the modification of the city's climate.

3. Albedo: The urban landscape usually consists of materials with lower albedo, such as dark-colored asphalt and concrete, which absorb more solar radiation. This absorption leads to higher surface temperatures and overall warmer climates within the city.

4. Changes in Wind Patterns: Tall buildings and urban canyons created by high-rise structures can disrupt natural wind patterns. This modification of airflow can impact local temperatures and air circulation within the city.

5. Reduced Vegetation: Urban areas often have limited green spaces and reduced vegetation cover, which can lead to less evapotranspiration and decreased cooling effects. The lack of plants also reduces the absorption of carbon dioxide, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions.

To study and quantify the specific modifications caused by urban landscapes on city climates, scientists use various tools and techniques. These may include remote sensing, meteorological data collection, climate modeling, and analysis of temperature, wind, and air quality measurements in different parts of the city. These methods help to understand how urban landscapes affect city climates and guide urban planners and policymakers in developing strategies to mitigate their negative impacts.