what are the three methods by which HIV and AIDS are usually transmitted?
Without seeking references, unprotected sexual intercourse and sharing needles are two methods that come to mind.
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HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is primarily transmitted through certain body fluids that contain the virus. These fluids include blood, semen, l secretions, and breast milk. Here are the three main methods by which HIV and AIDS are usually transmitted:
1. Sexual Contact: The most common method of transmission is through unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected individual. This includes l, , and oral sex without the use of barrier methods such as condoms or dental dams. The virus can enter the body through the mucous membranes of the genitals, rectum, or mouth during sexual activity.
2. Sharing Needles or Syringes: HIV can be transmitted by sharing needles, syringes, or other drug equipment that has been contaminated with infected blood. This is a significant risk factor for people who inject drugs, as the virus can easily enter the bloodstream through needle punctures or open wounds.
3. Mother-to-Child Transmission: HIV can be transmitted from an HIV-positive mother to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Without medical interventions, the risk of transmission from mother-to-child is around 15-45%. However, with appropriate medical care and antiretroviral drugs, the risk can be significantly reduced to less than 1%.
It's important to note that HIV is not transmitted through casual contact such as hugging, shaking hands, or sharing utensils. Understanding these modes of transmission helps in preventing the spread of HIV by practicing safe sex, avoiding sharing needles, and taking necessary precautions during pregnancy.