a 3.00g sample of baking soda is heated and decomposes according to the reaction below. Calculate the theoretical yield in grams for each of the three products Na2Co3. H2O, CO2
2NaHCO3 ==> Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
mols NaHCO3 = 3.00/molar mass NaHCO3.
Convert mols NaHCO3 to kols Na2CO3. mols Na2CO3 = mols NaHCO3 x (1 mol Na2CO3/2 mol NaHCO3) = ?
Then grams = mols Na2CO3 x molar mass Na2CO3 = theoretical yield.
H2O and CO2 are done th same way. You start with the same number mols NaHCO3 but have different conversion factors and different molar masses for grams of each.
To calculate the theoretical yield of each product in this reaction, we need to determine the number of moles present in the 3.00g sample of baking soda (NaHCO3), and then use the stoichiometry of the reaction to find the number of moles and consequently the mass of each product produced.
Step 1: Calculate the number of moles of NaHCO3
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of NaHCO3 in the 3.00g sample of baking soda. To do this, we use the molar mass of NaHCO3.
The molar mass of NaHCO3 is calculated as follows:
Molar mass of Na = 22.99 g/mol
Molar mass of H = 1.01 g/mol
Molar mass of C = 12.01 g/mol
Molar mass of O = 16.00 g/mol (3 oxygen atoms in the compound)
Molar mass of NaHCO3 = (22.99 g/mol) + (1.01 g/mol) + (12.01 g/mol) + (16.00 g/mol x 3) = 84.01 g/mol
Now we can calculate the number of moles:
Number of moles of NaHCO3 = (mass of sample) / (molar mass)
Number of moles of NaHCO3 = 3.00g / 84.01 g/mol = 0.0357 mol
Step 2: Use stoichiometry to find the moles and masses of the products
The balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of NaHCO3 is:
2 NaHCO3(s) -> Na2CO3(s) + H2O(g) + CO2(g)
From the balanced equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of NaHCO3, we get 1 mole of Na2CO3, 1 mole of H2O, and 1 mole of CO2.
Number of moles of Na2CO3 = (number of moles of NaHCO3) / 2 = 0.0357 mol / 2 = 0.0179 mol
Number of moles of H2O = (number of moles of NaHCO3) / 2 = 0.0357 mol / 2 = 0.0179 mol
Number of moles of CO2 = (number of moles of NaHCO3) / 2 = 0.0357 mol / 2 = 0.0179 mol
Step 3: Calculate the mass of each product
To find the mass of each product, we need to multiply the number of moles of each product by its molar mass.
Molar mass of Na2CO3 = 105.99 g/mol
Molar mass of H2O = 18.02 g/mol
Molar mass of CO2 = 44.01 g/mol
Mass of Na2CO3 = (number of moles of Na2CO3) x (molar mass of Na2CO3)
Mass of Na2CO3 = 0.0179 mol x 105.99 g/mol = 1.89 g
Mass of H2O = (number of moles of H2O) x (molar mass of H2O)
Mass of H2O = 0.0179 mol x 18.02 g/mol = 0.322 g
Mass of CO2 = (number of moles of CO2) x (molar mass of CO2)
Mass of CO2 = 0.0179 mol x 44.01 g/mol = 0.785 g
Therefore, the theoretical yield for each product is as follows:
Na2CO3 = 1.89 grams
H2O = 0.322 grams
CO2 = 0.785 grams