russia's majormtrading partners include:

a. brazil, france, and iraq
b. japan, the european union, and the united states
c. isreal, syria, and jordan
d. all of the above

b. japan, the european union, and the united states

japan

To determine Russia's major trading partners, we can refer to reliable sources such as trade statistics, reports from economic organizations, and official government data. One such source is the World Bank's World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) database, which provides comprehensive trade data for countries worldwide.

To find the major trading partners of Russia, you can follow these steps:

1. Visit the World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) website at https://wits.worldbank.org/.

2. Click on "Country at a Glance" in the top navigation bar.

3. Search for "Russia" in the country search box and select it from the dropdown menu.

4. In the left-hand menu, click on "Trade Dashboard" and then "Trade Partners."

5. Choose the desired year or years for which you want to see the data. For example, you may select the latest available year.

6. Select the preferred trade flow, such as imports, exports, or total trade. In this case, we're interested in Russia's major trading partners as a whole, so select "Total Trade Partners."

7. The resulting table will show the top trading partners of Russia based on the selected year and trade flow. This will give you an objective and accurate answer.

Based on the data from the World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), Russia's major trading partners include Japan, the European Union, and the United States. Therefore, option b. "Japan, the European Union, and the United States" is the correct answer.