A potential difference of 102 mV exists between the inner and outer surfaces of a cell membrane. The inner surface is negative relative to the outer surface. How much work is required to eject a positive sodium ion (Na+) from the interior of the cell? (in J)

W = q•Δφ = 11•e•102•10^-3 =

=11•1.6•10^-19•102•10^-3=1.8•10^-19 J

To find the work required to eject a positive sodium ion (Na+) from the interior of the cell, you can use the formula:

Work = q * V

where q is the charge of the ion and V is the potential difference across the cell membrane.

In this case, the charge of a sodium ion is +1 (since it has a positive charge) and the potential difference is 102 mV.

First, convert the potential difference to volts:

102 mV = 0.102 V

Now, you can calculate the work:

Work = (1) * (0.102)

Work = 0.102 J

Therefore, the work required to eject a positive sodium ion (Na+) from the interior of the cell is 0.102 Joules.