Aluminum hydroxide forms a positively charged sol. Which of the following ionic substances should be most effective in coagulating the sol?
NaCl
CaCl2
Fe2(SO4)3
K3PO4
The idea behind coagulating sols is to use those salts that have the highest + and - charges and the most ions.
so how do i tell which has the highest + and - charges
From the valences or the oxidation states. Na in NaCl is +1. Cl is -1.
CaCl2 will have Ca+2 and 2 Cl^- so CaCl2 will be more effective than NaCl. (NaCl will cause coagulation, too, but it won't be as effective as CaCl2).
K3PO4 is 3K+ and 1 PO4^-3.
I will leave Fe2(SO4)3 for you to do.
i think it is your mom
To determine which ionic substance has the highest + and - charges, you need to consider the charges of the ions present in each compound.
For example:
- NaCl: Sodium chloride consists of Na+ and Cl- ions. Both ions have a charge of 1+ and 1-, respectively.
- CaCl2: Calcium chloride consists of Ca2+ and Cl- ions. The calcium ion has a charge of 2+, while the chloride ion has a charge of 1-.
- Fe2(SO4)3: Iron(III) sulfate consists of Fe3+ and SO42- ions. The iron ion has a charge of 3+, while the sulfate ion has a charge of 2-.
- K3PO4: Potassium phosphate consists of K+ and PO43- ions. The potassium ion has a charge of 1+, while the phosphate ion has a charge of 3-.
Based on their charges, Fe2(SO4)3 has the highest + and - charges among the given compounds. Therefore, Fe2(SO4)3 should be the most effective in coagulating the aluminum hydroxide sol.
To determine the highest positive and negative charges in ionic substances, you need to consider the charges of the individual ions. Here's how you can determine the charges for each of the given ionic substances:
1. NaCl:
- Sodium (Na) is a group 1 element, which means it has a +1 charge (Na+).
- Chlorine (Cl) is a group 17 element, which means it has a -1 charge (Cl-).
2. CaCl2:
- Calcium (Ca) is a group 2 element, which means it has a +2 charge (Ca2+).
- Chlorine (Cl) is a group 17 element, which means it has a -1 charge (Cl-).
3. Fe2(SO4)3:
- Iron (Fe) can have multiple oxidation states. Based on the given formula, it is in the +3 state (Fe3+).
- Sulfate (SO4) always has a -2 charge (SO42-). Since there are three sulfate ions, the overall charge is -6.
4. K3PO4:
- Potassium (K) is a group 1 element, which means it has a +1 charge (K+).
- Phosphate (PO4) always has a -3 charge (PO43-). Since there is one phosphate ion, the overall charge is -3.
Now, to determine which substance has the highest positive and negative charges, you need to compare the magnitude of the charges.
- NaCl has a +1 and -1 charge.
- CaCl2 has a +2 and -1 charge.
- Fe2(SO4)3 has a +3 and -6 charge.
- K3PO4 has a +1 and -3 charge.
From the above comparisons, we can see that Fe2(SO4)3 has the highest positive charge (+3), and K3PO4 has the highest negative charge (-3). Therefore, Fe2(SO4)3 should be the most effective in coagulating the positively charged sol because it has the highest combination of positive and negative charges.