List and explain how Congress carries out its’ three primary duties of legislation, oversight and confirmation.
I understand the duties for legislation and oversight, but I don't understand confirmation.
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Confirmation is one of the primary duties of Congress, specifically the Senate. It involves the process of reviewing and approving presidential nominations for certain positions within the government. Here's a step-by-step explanation of how Congress carries out this duty:
1. Nomination: The president nominates individuals for key positions, such as federal judges, ambassadors, Cabinet members, and heads of executive agencies. This can be done by submitting the nomination to the Senate.
2. Committee Review: The Senate refers the nominations to relevant committees, such as the Judiciary Committee for judicial nominees or the Foreign Relations Committee for ambassadorial nominations. These committees conduct a thorough review of the qualifications and suitability of the nominees.
3. Committee Hearings: The committees hold confirmation hearings, where the nominees testify under oath and answer questions from committee members. This allows the committee to assess the nominee's expertise, experience, and suitability for the position.
4. Background Investigations: The committees, with the help of relevant agencies, conduct background investigations to ensure that there are no disqualifying factors, such as conflicts of interest, criminal records, or ethical concerns.
5. Committee Vote: After reviewing the nomination and conducting the necessary hearings, the committee votes to either recommend or not recommend the nominee for confirmation. This vote is not binding but carries significant weight in the confirmation process.
6. Full Senate Consideration: The nomination, along with the committee's recommendation, is then brought to the full Senate. Senators have the opportunity to debate the nomination and propose amendments, if needed.
7. Confirmation Vote: Finally, the Senate holds a confirmation vote, requiring a simple majority (51 out of 100 votes) to confirm the nominee. If confirmed, the nominee officially assumes the position to which they were nominated.
Confirmation is an essential part of the checks and balances system because it allows Congress to ensure the proper qualifications, integrity, and suitability of individuals appointed to crucial positions in the government. It provides accountability and oversight to prevent the appointment of unsuitable candidates and maintain the separation of powers between the branches of government.