Compared with Western Europe, the United States ha a(n) _____________ turnout in elections.

a) unstudied
b) toughly equivalent
c) noncomparable
d) higher
e) lower

To compare the voter turnout in the United States with that of Western Europe, you would need to gather data on voter participation in both regions. This can be done by researching and analyzing election statistics from reliable sources such as government agencies, academic studies, or international organizations.

Once you have collected the data, you can compare the voter turnout rates between the United States and Western Europe. It is important to note that voter turnout can vary depending on the specific country or election being analyzed. Therefore, it would be more accurate to compare the United States with individual countries within Western Europe rather than making a broad comparison to the entire region.

Based on historical data, it is generally observed that voter turnout in the United States is lower compared to many countries in Western Europe. This is evident from several studies and reports. However, keep in mind that turnout rates can fluctuate over time due to various factors such as political engagement, voter access, and electoral systems.

Therefore, the correct answer to the question would be:

e) lower (based on historical data and analysis)