Disulfide bonds in protein:

a) results from an oxidation of thiol
b)help to maintain the shape of proteins
c)can be broken by reduction
d)all of the above

I know the option a) is correct,but I'm confused between options b)& c) as the informations on those two r not clear.
Need help Dr.Bob. Thanks

Sure, I can help clarify the information for you.

Option b) is correct. Disulfide bonds play a crucial role in maintaining the shape of proteins. These bonds form between two cysteine residues within a protein, creating a covalent bond. This bond contributes to the protein's tertiary structure and helps stabilize the overall three-dimensional shape. Without disulfide bonds, proteins can become denatured and lose their functional structure.

Option c) is also correct. Disulfide bonds can be broken by a process called reduction. Reduction involves the addition of electrons, typically through the use of a reducing agent. When a disulfide bond is reduced, the covalent bond between the two cysteine residues is broken, resulting in the formation of two separate thiol groups (sulfhydryl groups). This process is reversible, meaning that disulfide bonds can also be reformed if the appropriate conditions are given.

Therefore, the correct answer is d) all of the above. Disulfide bonds in proteins result from the oxidation of thiol, help maintain the shape of proteins, and can be broken by reduction.