Mike waits until the night before his big exam to start studying. He maintains that last minute cramming keeps the information fresh in his memory. What does connectionist network research tell us about the effectiveness of cramming?
a)It is very effective because the information stays in short-term memory.
b)It is very ineffective because information is not tied into related nodes.
c)It is very effective because cramming automatically places new material in the middle of the appropriate region of memory.
d)It is very ineffective because information takes longer than one night to transfer over to long-term memory.
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i think the answer is either a or d but not sure.......
You must have crammed here.
We learn by repetition spaced over time. MEMORIZE that. Say it five times each morning, over 60 days. It will begin to have meaning, because you will connect it to other things you have observed about your learning and recall. We learn all things by repetition spaced over time.
In the view of most "connectionists", We add new material to a semantic network by placing it in the middle of the appropriate region of memory. The new material is gradually tied in to related nodes in the surrounding network. This model reveals why, if you cram for a test, you will not remember the information over the long term. The new material is not woven into the long-term web of memory nodes. In contrast, discussing or reviewing the material or incorporating it into a research paper interweaves it and connects it to other knowledge you have. These multiple connections increase the probability that you will be able to retrieve the information, and apply it to new situations.
In the 1950's, we had a group of social scientists who didn't believe this: They invented the "learning machine". Its objective was to present (cram) information into your head, you regigurated it, then moved on. Books were written in this format. Well, most of those folks forgot nearly all they learned, thankfully, those learning machines have moved to the dump.
Good luck.
Connectionist network research tells us that the answer is actually d) It is very ineffective because information takes longer than one night to transfer over to long-term memory.
Connectionist networks, also known as neural networks, are models of the brain that suggest that memories are formed by the strengthening of connections between neurons. These networks show us that for information to be stored in long-term memory, it requires repeated exposure and consolidation over time.
When someone crams the night before an exam, they are not allowing enough time for the information to transfer from short-term memory to long-term memory through the process of consolidation. While cramming may temporarily keep information in short-term memory, it does not lead to substantial learning or retention of the material.
To effectively transfer information to long-term memory, it is crucial to engage in spaced practice, which involves reviewing the material at intervals over an extended period of time. This spaced repetition allows for better encoding and consolidation of information, improving long-term retention and understanding.