Complete and balance the equations for each of the following reactions. Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer.
Part A: KHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) --->
Part B: Ca(s) +H2SO4(aq) --->
Part C: H2SO4(aq) + Al(OH)3(aq) --->
Part D: Na2CO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) --->
See your post above. More acid + base. If you have trouble with which salt to write you can mentally remove the H from the acid and the OH from the base (that's where the H2O comes from); what's left is the salt.
To balance chemical equations, we need to make sure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. Here's how to balance each of the given reactions:
Part A: KHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) ---> KCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Explanation:
1. Start by counting the number of atoms of each element on either side of the equation. On the left side, we have 1 K, 1 H, 1 C, and 3 O atoms. On the right side, we have 1 K, 1 H, 1 C, and 3 O atoms from KCl, 2 H atoms from H2O, and 1 C and 1 O atom from CO2.
2. To balance the potassium (K) atoms, we need to have one K on both sides of the equation, so we have KCl on the right side.
3. To balance the hydrogen (H) atoms, we need to have two H atoms on the left side, so we have 2 HCl on the left side.
4. To balance the carbon (C) atoms, we have one C on both sides.
5. To balance the oxygen (O) atoms, we have 3 O atoms on both sides.
Final balanced equation for Part A: KHCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ---> KCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Phases: (s) indicates solid, (aq) indicates aqueous, and (l) indicates liquid. CO2(g) is a gas.
Part B: Ca(s) + H2SO4(aq) ---> CaSO4(aq) + H2(g)
Explanation:
1. The left side has 1 Ca and 1 S atom, while the right side has 1 Ca, 1 S, and 4 O atoms from CaSO4, and 2 H atoms from H2 gas.
2. To balance the calcium (Ca) atoms, we have one Ca on both sides.
3. To balance the sulfur (S) atoms, we have one S on both sides.
4. To balance the hydrogen (H) atoms, we have two H on the right side, so we need 2 H atoms on the left side, which comes from H2SO4.
5. To balance the oxygen (O) atoms, we have 4 O on the right side.
Final balanced equation for Part B: Ca(s) + H2SO4(aq) ---> CaSO4(aq) + H2(g)
Phases: (s) indicates solid, (aq) indicates aqueous, and (g) indicates gas.
Part C: H2SO4(aq) + Al(OH)3(aq) ---> Al2(SO4)3(aq) + H2O(l)
Explanation:
1. The left side has 2 H, 1 S, 4 O, 1 Al atoms, while the right side has 6 O atoms from Al2(SO4)3 and 3 H, 1 O atom from H2O.
2. To balance the hydrogen (H) atoms, we have 2 H on the left side, so we need 2 H atoms on the right side, which comes from 2 H2O molecules.
3. To balance the sulfur (S) atoms, we have one S on the left side and three S on the right side, so we need 3 H2SO4 molecules on the left side.
4. To balance the oxygen (O) atoms, we have 4 O on the left side and 6 O on the right side, so we need 3 H2SO4 molecules on the left side.
Final balanced equation for Part C: 3 H2SO4(aq) + 2 Al(OH)3(aq) ---> Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6 H2O(l)
Phases: (aq) indicates aqueous and (l) indicates liquid.
Part D: Na2CO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) ---> Na2SO4(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Explanation:
1. The left side has 2 Na, 1 C, and 3 O atoms, while the right side has 2 Na, 1 S, and 4 O atoms from Na2SO4, and 1 C and 1 O atom from CO2, and 2 H atoms from H2O.
2. To balance the sodium (Na) atoms, we have 2 Na on both sides.
3. To balance the carbon (C) atoms, we have 1 C on both sides.
4. To balance the oxygen (O) atoms, we have 3 O on the left side and 4 O on the right side, so we need 2 H2O molecules on the left side.
5. To balance the hydrogen (H) atoms, we have 2 H on the right side, so we need 2 H atoms on the left side, which comes from the H2SO4.
Final balanced equation for Part D: Na2CO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) ---> Na2SO4(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Phases: (s) indicates solid, (aq) indicates aqueous, (g) indicates gas, and (l) indicates liquid.