Balance each of the following neutralization reactions. Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer.
Part A: HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)2(s) ---> Ba(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)
Part B: H2SO4(aq) + Al(OH)3 ---> Al2(SO4)3(aq) + H2O(l)
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To balance the neutralization reactions, we need to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. Here's how you can balance each of the given neutralization reactions:
Part A: HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)2(s) --> Ba(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)
To balance the equation, start by counting the number of atoms on each side of the equation:
HNO3 has 1 hydrogen (H) atom and 1 nitrogen (N) atom.
Ba(OH)2 has 1 barium (Ba) atom, 2 hydroxide (OH) groups, totaling 2 hydrogens (H) and 2 oxygens (O) atoms.
Ba(NO3)2 has 1 barium (Ba) atom, 2 nitrate (NO3) groups, totaling 2 nitrogen (N) and 6 oxygen (O) atoms.
H2O has 2 hydrogen (H) atoms and 1 oxygen (O) atom.
Now let's balance the equation step by step:
1. Balance the barium (Ba) atoms:
On the left side, there is one Ba atom, so we need 1 Ba atom on the right side as well.
HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)2(s) --> Ba(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)
2. Balance the nitrogen (N) atoms:
On the left side, there is 1 N atom in HNO3. To have 2 N atoms on the right side, multiply Ba(NO3)2 by 2.
HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)2(s) --> 2 Ba(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)
3. Balance the hydrogen (H) atoms:
On the left side, there are 3 H atoms, so we need 6 H atoms on the right side. Multiply H2O by 3 to achieve this.
HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)2(s) --> 2 Ba(NO3)2(aq) + 3 H2O(l)
4. Balance the oxygen (O) atoms:
On the left side, there are 3 O atoms (1 from NO3 and 2 from HNO3). On the right side, there are 14 O atoms (12 from Ba(NO3)2 and 2 from H2O). Multiply HNO3 by 4 to achieve this.
4 HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)2(s) --> 2 Ba(NO3)2(aq) + 3 H2O(l)
This is the balanced equation for Part A.
Now let's move on to Part B:
Part B: H2SO4(aq) + Al(OH)3(s) --> Al2(SO4)3(aq) + H2O(l)
Follow the same steps as we did in Part A to balance the equation for Part B:
1. Balance sulfur (S) atoms:
On the left side, there is 1 S atom in H2SO4. To have 3 S atoms on the right side, multiply Al2(SO4)3 by 3.
H2SO4(aq) + Al(OH)3(s) --> 3 Al2(SO4)3(aq) + H2O(l)
2. Balance hydrogen (H) atoms:
On the left side, there are 2 H atoms, so we need 6 H atoms on the right side. Multiply H2O by 3 to achieve this.
H2SO4(aq) + Al(OH)3(s) --> 3 Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3 H2O(l)
3. Balance oxygen (O) atoms:
On the left side, there are 4 O atoms (2 from H2SO4 and 2 from Al(OH)3). On the right side, there are 36 O atoms (24 from Al2(SO4)3 and 12 from H2O). Multiply H2SO4 by 9 to achieve this.
9 H2SO4(aq) + Al(OH)3(s) --> 3 Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3 H2O(l)
This is the balanced equation for Part B.
Hope this helps!