LAB

STUDENT is asked to determine the heat of neutralization for H + OH --> H2O by combining 1 M NaOH and 1 M HCl in an open styrofoam calorimeter.

Assume
1. solutions are same temp at start
2. densities of solutions are the same as h20
3. specific heat capacity of the combined solutions equals that of water
4. heat lost to air is negligible.

explain how to calculate the number of moles of water formed during the experiment

NaOH + HCl ==> H2O + NaCl

What volume of NaOH? L x M = mols
What volume of HCl? It had to be the same as the volume of NaOH if both solutions were 1 M exactly. Then L x M = mols.
x mols NaOH + x mols HCl MUST form x mols H2O, whatever x is.

To calculate the number of moles of water formed during the experiment, you will need to use the concept of stoichiometry. Stoichiometry is the calculation of the quantities of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction.

Here's how you can calculate the number of moles of water formed:

1. Write and balance the chemical equation for the reaction:

HCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl

2. Determine the limiting reactant. The limiting reactant is the one that is completely consumed in the reaction and determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed. In this case, both HCl and NaOH have a concentration of 1 M, so they are in equal amounts. Thus, either one can be the limiting reactant.

3. Calculate the number of moles of the limiting reactant. Since the solutions have a concentration of 1 M, the number of moles of the limiting reactant is equal to the volume used in the reaction.

4. Use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation to determine the number of moles of water formed. From the balanced equation, you can see that 1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of NaOH to produce 1 mole of water. Therefore, the number of moles of water formed is equal to the number of moles of the limiting reactant.

5. Calculate the heat of neutralization. The heat of neutralization is the amount of heat energy released or absorbed during a neutralization reaction. Since the solution is in an open styrofoam calorimeter, the heat lost to the air is negligible, and the heat energy released is absorbed by the combined solutions. The specific heat capacity of the combined solutions is assumed to be the same as water.

It's important to note that in order to calculate the heat of neutralization, you would need to know the change in temperature of the solution during the reaction. This can be measured using a thermometer or temperature probe. With the change in temperature and the specific heat capacity, you can calculate the heat energy absorbed by the solution.

Remember to follow proper safety protocols and consult your laboratory manual for specific instructions and procedures.