which pair(s) of liquids will be miscible ?
H2O AND CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3(PENTANE)
C6H6 (BENZENE) AND CCl4(CHLOROFORM)
C2H5OH (ETHANOL) AND CH3COOH(ACETIC ACID)
how do you know if they are miscible?
Generally you go by the rule that "like dissolves like."
Water is polar, acetic acid is polar and ethanol is polar (and it contains OH groups).
You would expect ethanol and acetic acid to be miscible. The same is true for benzene and CCl4 (both non-polar). You would not expect H2O (polar) and pentane (non-polar)to be miscible.
1. H2O and CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (pentane):
These two liquids are immiscible, meaning they do not mix together in all proportions. Pentane is a nonpolar solvent, while water is a polar solvent. Since polar and nonpolar substances do not have similar intermolecular forces, they do not dissolve in each other.
2. C6H6 (benzene) and CCl4 (chloroform):
Benzene and chloroform are miscible with each other. Both benzene and chloroform are nonpolar solvents. They have similar intermolecular forces, allowing them to mix together.
3. C2H5OH (ethanol) and CH3COOH (acetic acid):
Ethanol and acetic acid are miscible with each other. Both ethanol and acetic acid are polar solvents. They have similar intermolecular forces, allowing them to mix together.
To determine whether two liquids are miscible, you need to consider their molecular structure and polarity.
Miscible liquids are able to mix together in all proportions, forming a homogenous solution. This occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules of the two liquids are similar enough to allow them to mix at the molecular level.
Here's how you can determine whether the given pairs of liquids are miscible:
1. H2O (water) and CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (pentane):
Water is a highly polar molecule due to its bent molecular structure and presence of oxygen, while pentane is a nonpolar molecule. Since polar and nonpolar molecules have different intermolecular forces, water and pentane are immiscible. They will not mix and will form distinct layers when combined.
2. C6H6 (benzene) and CCl4 (chloroform):
Both benzene and chloroform are nonpolar molecules. Since they have similar intermolecular forces, they are considered miscible. When mixed, benzene and chloroform will blend together to form a homogenous solution.
3. C2H5OH (ethanol) and CH3COOH (acetic acid):
Ethanol and acetic acid are both polar molecules, primarily due to the presence of the highly electronegative oxygen atom. However, acetic acid contains an additional polar functional group - the carbonyl (C=O) group. This makes acetic acid more polar than ethanol. As a result, ethanol and acetic acid are miscible and will mix together to form a homogenous solution.
In summary, the pair of liquids that will be miscible is C6H6 (benzene) and CCl4 (chloroform), while H2O (water) and CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (pentane) and C2H5OH (ethanol) and CH3COOH (acetic acid) are immiscible.