explain how the hiv virus destroys the immune system.
http://www.thebody.com/content/art2494.html
smallest wbc are lymphocytes their main function is to recognise the antigens which are enter the blood.in aids these cells are weakened and distroyed by the hiv.as a result the resistance to other diseases is lost and a person with aids becomes vulnerable to other infectious diseases.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks and gradually weakens the immune system, which is responsible for fighting against various infections and diseases. Understanding how HIV destroys the immune system requires a deeper insight into the virus's life cycle and the effect it has on the body's defense mechanisms.
1. HIV Entry: HIV primarily targets CD4 T cells, a type of white blood cell crucial for immune response. It binds to CD4 receptors on the surface of these cells and enters them.
2. Replication: Once inside the CD4 T cell, HIV releases its genetic material (RNA) and uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into DNA. This viral DNA is then integrated into the DNA of the host cell, transforming it into a "HIV factory."
3. Destruction of CD4 T Cells: As the infected CD4 T cells replicate, they produce new HIV particles. When these viral particles are released from the infected cells, they go on to infect new CD4 T cells. This cycle continues, gradually depleting the number of healthy CD4 T cells in the body.
4. Weakening Immune Response: As the HIV infection progresses, the decreasing number of CD4 T cells weakens the immune system's ability to mount an effective defense. With a reduced army of immune cells, the body becomes more vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain types of cancers.
5. Opportunistic Infections: Since the immune system is compromised, infections that wouldn't typically cause severe illness in healthy individuals can become life-threatening. These opportunistic infections, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, candidiasis (thrush), and certain types of cancers like Kaposi's sarcoma, take advantage of the weakened immune response.
Additionally, HIV can induce chronic inflammation and damage to lymphoid tissues, further impairing the immune system's function. Over time, untreated HIV infection progresses to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), where the immune system is severely compromised, leading to a variety of complications.
It's important to note that there have been significant advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) that effectively control HIV replication and help preserve immune function. Early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and adherence to medication can significantly improve the outlook for individuals living with HIV.