How do you prepare a 0.4 M solution of sulfuric acid in water starting with concentrated sulfuric acid (18 M) and water?
To prepare a 0.4 M sulfuric acid solution using concentrated sulfuric acid (18 M) and water, you need to calculate the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid and water required.
First, let's define the equation to calculate the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid:
(C1)(V1) = (C2)(V2)
Where:
C1 = Concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid (18 M)
V1 = Volume of concentrated sulfuric acid (unknown)
C2 = Desired concentration of the final solution (0.4 M)
V2 = Final volume of the solution (unknown)
Since we are preparing a 0.4 M solution, we know that C2 = 0.4 M. Let's assume that we want to prepare a total volume of 1 liter (V2 = 1 L).
Using the above equation, we can solve for V1, the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid needed.
(18 M)(V1) = (0.4 M)(1 L)
V1 = (0.4 M)(1 L) / 18 M
V1 ≈ 0.022 L
So, you will need approximately 0.022 liters (or 22 mL) of concentrated sulfuric acid.
To determine the volume of water needed, subtract the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid from the total desired volume:
Volume of water = Total volume - Volume of concentrated sulfuric acid
Volume of water = 1 L - 0.022 L
Volume of water ≈ 0.978 L
So, you will need approximately 0.978 liters (or 978 mL) of water.
To prepare the solution, first, measure and add 0.022 liters (22 mL) of concentrated sulfuric acid to a container. Then, add 0.978 liters (978 mL) of water to the same container. Mix thoroughly to ensure proper homogeneity.
Remember to exercise caution and follow proper safety protocols when handling concentrated sulfuric acid, as it is a highly corrosive substance.