How do you prepare a 0.4 M solution of sulfuric acid in water starting with concentrated sulfuric acid (18 M) and water?
How much 0.4 M H2SO4 do you want? say 1000 mL? Then
1000 mL x 0.4M H2SO4 = mL x 18M H2SO4.
Solve for mL on the right.
22.22
To prepare a 0.4 M solution of sulfuric acid, you will need to dilute the concentrated sulfuric acid with water. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to do it:
1. Determine the volume of the final 0.4 M sulfuric acid solution you want to prepare. Let's say you want to make 1 liter of the solution.
2. Use the formula M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume.
3. Rearrange the formula to solve for V1: V1 = (M2 * V2) / M1.
4. Plug in the values into the formula. M1 is 18 M (the concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid), M2 is 0.4 M (the desired final concentration), and V2 is 1 L (the final volume you want to prepare).
V1 = (0.4 M * 1 L) / 18 M
= 0.0222 L
= 22.2 mL
5. Measure out 22.2 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid using a pipette or graduated cylinder. Be cautious when handling concentrated sulfuric acid, as it is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns. Make sure you follow proper safety precautions and work in a well-ventilated area.
6. Transfer the measured amount of concentrated sulfuric acid into a larger container, such as a beaker or flask.
7. Add water slowly to the container while stirring gently. It is important to add water to the acid rather than the other way around to avoid a potentially dangerous exothermic reaction. Keep stirring until the solution is well mixed.
8. Finally, adjust the volume of the solution to reach the desired final volume of 1 liter by adding more water. Use a measuring cylinder to ensure accuracy.
9. Once the desired volume is reached, the solution is now a 0.4 M sulfuric acid solution.
Always remember to prioritize safety when working with hazardous chemicals. Wear appropriate protective gear and work in a well-ventilated area to minimize any potential risks.