liquid pressure is independent on the?

a. shape of the containing vessel
b. area of the bottom of the containing vessel
c. both a and b and d
d. height of the containing vessel

Liquid pressure is dependent on a few factors. However, it is important to note that it is independent of the shape of the containing vessel. The shape of the vessel does not affect the pressure exerted by the liquid.

On the other hand, the area of the bottom of the containing vessel and the height of the containing vessel do affect the liquid pressure.

To calculate liquid pressure, we can use the formula:

Pressure = Density × Gravity × Height

Where:

- Density refers to the density of the liquid in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).
- Gravity refers to the acceleration due to gravity, which is approximately 9.8 meters per second squared (m/s²).
- Height refers to the vertical distance from the surface of the liquid to the point where pressure is being measured, typically measured in meters (m).

As we can see from the formula, the pressure is directly proportional to the height of the containing vessel. Therefore, the height of the containing vessel does affect the liquid pressure.

Additionally, the pressure is not directly dependent on the area of the bottom of the containing vessel. The area only affects the total force that the liquid exerts on the bottom, but the pressure remains the same regardless of the area. This is known as Pascal's Law, which states that the pressure in a liquid is the same at all points at the same height, regardless of the shape or area of the container.

Therefore, the correct answer is:
c. both a and b (shape of the containing vessel and area of the bottom of the containing vessel)