Who benefited from the growth of classical liberalism during the industrial revolution? Who did not benifit from it?

Why didn't the theorys of classic liberalism extend to all classes and people?

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During the Industrial Revolution, classical liberalism emerged as a dominant ideology, shaping political and economic systems. While classical liberalism brought about certain benefits, it also had its limitations and did not extend equally to all classes and people.

1. Who benefited from the growth of classical liberalism during the industrial revolution?
a. Capitalist entrepreneurs and industrialists: Classical liberalism promoted free-market capitalism, individual liberty, and limited government intervention. This created an environment conducive to business growth and accumulation of wealth, benefiting entrepreneurs and industrialists who were able to exploit the emerging opportunities.

b. Middle class: The industrial revolution created new opportunities for upward mobility, and the middle class emerged as a result. The principles of classical liberalism, such as individual rights, property rights, and economic freedom, provided the middle class with a platform to pursue their aspirations and accumulate wealth.

2. Who did not benefit from the growth of classical liberalism during the industrial revolution?
a. Working class: The rapid industrialization often led to harsh working conditions, long hours, and low wages for workers. Classical liberal principles such as laissez-faire economics and minimal government intervention did not address these issues adequately, resulting in exploitation and poor living conditions for the working class.

b. Women and marginalized groups: The theory of classical liberalism primarily focused on individual rights and liberty but did not address issues related to gender inequality or social injustice faced by marginalized groups. Women, racial minorities, and lower socioeconomic classes often faced systemic discrimination and exclusion from the benefits of classical liberalism.

3. Why didn't the theories of classical liberalism extend to all classes and people?
a. Limited government intervention: Classical liberalism emphasized minimal government interference in the economy, which meant that protections and regulations that could address social inequalities and labor exploitation were often absent. This lack of intervention meant that the benefits were primarily enjoyed by those who had the resources and power to thrive in an unregulated market.

b. Believe in the "invisible hand": Classical liberals believed in the concept of the "invisible hand" wherein individual pursuit of self-interest would lead to societal progress. However, this belief ignored structural barriers and power imbalances that could prevent equal opportunities for all individuals.

c. Resistance to social change: Classical liberalism was often embraced by the ruling elite, who sought to maintain their privilege and power. Thus, they were resistant to adopting policies that could challenge the existing social hierarchies and extend liberal principles to all classes and people.

It is important to note that classical liberalism has evolved over time, and subsequent political and social movements have sought to address these limitations by advocating for greater equality, social justice, and inclusivity.