Assume that right now the Moon is full, Mercury is at superior conjunction, Venus is at greatest western elongation, and Mars is at opposition. Draw a simple sketch of the solar system, showing the relative positions of the Sun, Earth, the Moon, Mercury, Venus and Mars. Draw the sketch as if you were looking down on the solar system from far above Earth's North Pole.
We cannot draw figures for you.
Start by drawing four circles around the sun, of appropriate scaled radii. Those will be the orbits of Merciry, Venus, Earth and Mars.
Put the Earth (arbitrarily) to the right of the sun. Add another small circle around the Earth representing the moon's orbit.
If Mars is at opposition, it is to the right of the Earth, along the Sun-Earth-Mars horizontal line. That s as close as it can get to Earth.
If the moon is full, it is along the same horizontal line, between Earth and Mars, and opposite from the sun side of Earth.
Venus will be located at one of the two positions where a line from Earth is tangent to the Venus orbit. Western elongation is the upper of the two tangents. (As the Earth turns, the Venus rises before the sun.)
Review the definition of superior conjunction for Mercury and that will tell you where to put it. It will be in front of the sun, not behind it, as seen from Earth.
To draw a sketch of the solar system with the given information, you need to understand the positions of the celestial bodies relative to each other. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to draw the sketch:
1. Start with a blank piece of paper, and imagine that you are looking down on the solar system from high above Earth's North Pole. Draw a small circle in the center of the paper to represent the Sun.
2. Draw a slightly bigger circle around the center and label it "Mercury." Since Mercury is at superior conjunction, it means it is aligned with the Sun from Earth's perspective. Place Mercury on the side opposite to Earth, directly in line with the Sun.
3. Draw another circle slightly bigger than Mercury and label it "Venus." Venus is at greatest western elongation, which means it is at its farthest point to the west (or left) of the Sun when observed from Earth. Place Venus to the left or west of the Sun, but closer to the Sun than Mercury.
4. Draw a larger circle around Venus and label it "Earth." The Earth will be positioned below the Sun, between Mercury and Venus in the sketch.
5. Draw a smaller circle around Earth, just outside its orbit, and label it "Moon." The Moon is at the full phase, which means it is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. Hence, position the Moon on the side farthest away from the Sun, opposite to Mercury.
6. Finally, draw a larger circle around Earth, away from all the other planets, and label it "Mars." Mars is at opposition, which means it is directly opposite the Sun in the sky as seen from Earth. Place Mars on the side opposite to Venus, directly opposite the Sun.
Remember, this sketch is a simplified representation and not drawn to scale. But it should give you a visual understanding of the relative positions of the Sun, Earth, Moon, Mercury, Venus, and Mars in the solar system based on the given information.
Please note that the positions of the celestial bodies will change over time due to their orbits, so this sketch is accurate only for the given scenario.