Distinguish Between terminal velocity and free fall. Be able to describe defective gravity on motion and state acceleration rates of falling objects ( due to gravity)
Terminal velocity and free fall are both concepts related to the motion of objects in the presence of gravity, but they describe different scenarios.
1. Free fall: Free fall refers to the motion of an object falling solely under the influence of gravity, without any other forces acting on it. In a free fall, the object is in a state of constant acceleration due to gravity, which means its velocity increases at a constant rate as it falls. This acceleration is approximately 9.8 meters per second squared near the Earth's surface and is designated as "g" in equations. In free fall, there is no air resistance affecting the motion of the object.
2. Terminal velocity: Terminal velocity occurs when an object in free fall reaches a point where the upward force due to air resistance equals the downward force of gravity, causing the object to stop accelerating. At this point, the object continues to fall, but at a constant velocity without further acceleration. Terminal velocity is reached when the force of air resistance becomes equal to the object's weight, resulting in a net force of zero. The value of terminal velocity depends on the size, shape, and mass of the object as well as the density and viscosity of the fluid (usually air) through which it is falling.
Defective gravity on motion refers to situations where normal gravity is affected or modified. If gravity is altered, it can result in a different rate of acceleration for falling objects. For example, if gravity becomes stronger, objects will accelerate more rapidly, while a weaker gravity will lead to less acceleration.
The acceleration rate of falling objects due to gravity is generally constant near the surface of the Earth (approximately 9.8 m/sĀ²). This value is often denoted as "g." However, in defective gravity scenarios, the acceleration rate may differ from this standard value. Different planets or astronomical bodies may have different acceleration rates due to variations in their mass and size.
To summarize:
- Free fall is the motion of an object falling under the influence of gravity alone, without other forces acting on it.
- Terminal velocity is the constant velocity reached by an object falling when the force of air resistance equals the force of gravity, causing the object to stop accelerating.
- Defective gravity refers to altered gravity, which can affect the acceleration rates of falling objects.
- The standard acceleration rate due to gravity near the Earth's surface is approximately 9.8 m/sĀ² (designated as "g"), but this value can vary depending on the specific circumstances or location.