1. What are four alternative theoretical approaches to personal helping listed in your text?

2. What are four basic steps identified by Parad, Selby and Quinian (1976) in crisis intervention that are designed to help the client return to pre-crisis level of functioning?
3. According to your text, what are the characteristics of informal networks?
4. In your text it states that “Professional linking does not consist of just suggesting a referral.” What is also involved?
5. What are some barriers to effective linkage mentioned in your text?
6. What is the goal of monitoring according to your text?
7. What are formal and informal monitoring as described by your text?
8. According to your text, when does advocacy typically come into play?
9. According to Sosin and Caulum (1983) what are the core elements of advocacy?
10. What are the obstacles identified by researchers that can stand in the way of productive collaborative relationships among organizations?

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4. In your text it states that “Professional linking does not consist of just suggesting a referral.” What is also involved?

1. To find the four alternative theoretical approaches to personal helping listed in your text, you can follow these steps:

- Consult your text or any relevant reading material you have.
- Look for a section or chapter that discusses different theoretical approaches to personal helping.
- Pay attention to any headings or subheadings that may indicate the different approaches.
- Read through the text to identify and take note of the four alternative theoretical approaches mentioned.

2. To discover the four basic steps identified by Parad, Selby, and Quinian (1976) in crisis intervention, follow these steps:
- Search for the specific article or publication by Parad, Selby, and Quinian (1976) on crisis intervention.
- Gather the necessary reading material (e.g., book, journal article, etc.).
- Read through the article carefully, paying close attention to any sections or subsections that outline the steps in crisis intervention.
- Take notes on the identified steps as mentioned in the article.

3. To understand the characteristics of informal networks as mentioned in your text:
- Refer to your text or any relevant reading material.
- Look for a section or chapter that discusses informal networks.
- Pay attention to any headings or subheadings that may indicate the characteristics of informal networks.
- Read through the text to identify and take note of the mentioned characteristics.

4. To find what is involved in professional linking, apart from suggesting a referral, in your text:
- Consult your text or any relevant reading material.
- Look for a section or chapter that discusses professional linking.
- Read through the text carefully to understand the additional elements involved apart from suggesting a referral.

5. To identify the barriers to effective linkage mentioned in your text:
- Refer to your text or any relevant reading material.
- Look for a section or chapter that discusses barriers to effective linkage.
- Read through the text carefully to identify and take note of the mentioned barriers.

6. To understand the goal of monitoring according to your text:
- Refer to your text or any relevant reading material.
- Look for a section or chapter that discusses monitoring.
- Pay attention to any headings or subheadings that may indicate the goal of monitoring.
- Read through the text to identify and understand the stated goal.

7. To learn about formal and informal monitoring as described in your text:
- Consult your text or any relevant reading material.
- Look for a section or chapter that discusses formal and informal monitoring.
- Carefully read through the text to identify the descriptions and explanations of both formal and informal monitoring.

8. To determine when advocacy typically comes into play according to your text:
- Refer to your text or any relevant reading material.
- Look for a section or chapter that discusses advocacy.
- Pay attention to any information that explains when advocacy is typically involved.
- Read through the text to understand the context and situations in which advocacy is usually applied.

9. To discover the core elements of advocacy according to Sosin and Caulum (1983):
- Search for the specific article or publication by Sosin and Caulum (1983) on advocacy.
- Gather the necessary reading material (e.g., book, journal article, etc.).
- Carefully read through the article to identify and take note of the core elements of advocacy as mentioned by the authors.

10. To find out the obstacles identified by researchers that can obstruct productive collaborative relationships among organizations:
- Consult your text or any relevant reading material.
- Look for a section or chapter that discusses obstacles or challenges in collaborative relationships among organizations.
- Carefully read through the text to identify and take note of the mentioned obstacles as identified by researchers.