calculate the PH during the titration of 50.00 ml of 0.300 M HNO3 with 0.600 M KOH after 0, 15.50, 25.00, and 40.00 ml of KOH have been added. Graph the titration curve

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To calculate the pH during the titration, we need to determine the quantities of the acid and base that react at each point and then calculate the pH using the resulting solution's concentration. The titration curve can be graphed by plotting the pH values against the volume of the KOH added.

Here's how to calculate the pH and graph the titration curve step by step:

1. Determine the initial concentrations:
Concentration of HNO3 (acid): 0.300 M
Concentration of KOH (base): 0.600 M

2. Calculate the number of moles of HNO3:
Moles of HNO3 = Initial concentration (M) × Initial volume (L)
Moles of HNO3 = 0.300 M × 0.0500 L

3. Calculate the volume of KOH added at each point:
Point 1: No KOH added (0 mL)
Point 2: 15.50 mL KOH added
Point 3: 25.00 mL KOH added
Point 4: 40.00 mL KOH added

4. Determine the moles of KOH at each point:
Moles of KOH = Added volume (L) × Concentration (M)
Moles of KOH (point 2) = 0.0155 L × 0.600 M
Moles of KOH (point 3) = 0.0250 L × 0.600 M
Moles of KOH (point 4) = 0.0400 L × 0.600 M

5. Determine the limiting reactant (either HNO3 or KOH) by comparing the moles of each at each point. The limiting reactant is the one that is used up first.

6. Calculate the moles of the excess reactant (if any) at each point.

7. Determine the total volume at each point by adding the initial volume of acid and the volume of base added.

8. Calculate the concentrations of HNO3 and KOH at each point if there is excess reactant left.

9. Determine the concentration of H+ (H3O+) in the resulting solution at each point.

10. Calculate the pH using the formula: pH = -log[H+].

11. Plot the calculated pH values on a graph against the volume of KOH added.

This step-by-step process will allow you to calculate the pH at each point during the titration and graph the resulting titration curve.