Thank you. I still have a few doubts.

So both sentences are correct:
1) " the ship was caught in a violent storm, then by mist and snow" OR
"the mariners were struck by a violent storm .."
2) The sun rose on the left out of the sea, shone bright over the mast at noon and finally went down into the sea.
3)

1) I'd write this: The ship was struck by a violent storm and then overtaken by mist and snow.

2) The sun rose on the ship's left, shone bright over the mast at noon, and finally went down at the ship's right into the sea.

(The poet is using "left" and "right" to indicate east and west.)

Yes, both sentences are grammatically correct. Let's break them down and analyze them further:

1) "The ship was caught in a violent storm, then by mist and snow" OR "The mariners were struck by a violent storm..."
- Both versions convey a similar meaning but with slightly different phrasing. The first sentence describes the ship being caught in a storm initially, and then being followed by mist and snow. The second sentence, on the other hand, puts the focus on the mariners being struck by the storm. Both versions are correct, so the choice depends on the specific emphasis or style you want to convey.

2) "The sun rose on the left out of the sea, shone bright over the mast at noon, and finally went down into the sea."
- This sentence is also grammatically correct. It describes the movements of the sun throughout the day. It starts with the sun rising on the left side (presumably from the perspective of someone facing the sea), then shines brightly above the mast at noon, and finally sets back into the sea. The use of commas helps separate the different stages of the sun's movements.

If you have any more doubts or questions, feel free to ask!