“Antigone” written by Sophocles shows Antigone, the main character as a tragic hero. Antigone is the true tragic hero because she acts without anticipating the consequences of her rebellion, realizes she has made an irreversible mistake only after it is too late to fix it, and is responsible for an unhappy ending for all of the characters.

I need to make my thesis present tense.
How would you write the first sentence in present tense?

Also is has in present tense?

You have done that: shows, is, acts, realizes, is

Perfect!

Yes, has is Present Tense, while had is Past Tense. Literary works are usually written about in the Present Tense.

Sra

Thanks, but isn't "written" past tense?

The verb form "written" is the past participle (used by itself as an adjective, as you have done in your thesis) of the verb "to write," but it can be used to form different tenses if it's used with different auxiliary verbs. Examples:

has written = present perfect tense, active voice
had written = past perfect tense, active voice
has been written = present perfect tense, passive voice
had been written = past perfect tense, passive voice

To make the first sentence in present tense, you can rephrase it as follows: "In 'Antigone' written by Sophocles, Antigone emerges as the true tragic hero due to her actions without anticipating the consequences of her rebellion, her realization of an irreversible mistake, and her responsibility for an unhappy ending for all the characters."

As for your second question, "has" can be used in present tense depending on the context. In the original sentence, "has" is used to indicate a past action that still holds relevance in the present. However, if you want to maintain present tense, you could rephrase the second part of the sentence as: "realizes she is making an irreversible mistake only after it is too late to fix it."