Positive roles and actions of individuals that help the group build loyalty, resolve conflicts, and function smoothly include:

(a) demonstrating openness and acceptance.
(b) taking every opportunityto be the first to speak and insisting on personally responding to everyone else's comments
(c) asking questions and identifying gaps in the group's knowledge
(d) comparing group processes and products to standards and goals.

I was a little confused about this one, but I chose the answer (A).

Absolutely right!

I chuckled at the ridiculousness of (b).

The question asks for positive roles and actions that help the group build loyalty, resolve conflicts, and function smoothly. Let's go through each option and see which one is the best fit:

(a) Demonstrating openness and acceptance: This option aligns with building loyalty and resolving conflicts because being open and accepting of others' ideas, thoughts, and differences promotes a positive and inclusive group environment. It helps create trust and fosters a sense of belonging, which can ultimately lead to increased group cohesion.

(b) Taking every opportunity to be the first to speak and insisting on personally responding to everyone else's comments: While speaking up and actively participating in group discussions is generally seen as positive, insisting on personally responding to everyone else's comments might not always be the best approach. It can monopolize the conversation and hinder the contributions of others. This behavior may lead to conflicts and hinder smooth group functioning.

(c) Asking questions and identifying gaps in the group's knowledge: This option is beneficial as it promotes critical thinking and knowledge-sharing within the group. By asking questions, individuals can clarify information and identify areas where the group's understanding may be lacking. This action can help resolve conflicts that arise due to misunderstandings and support the group in making well-informed decisions.

(d) Comparing group processes and products to standards and goals: This option is also valuable for group functioning. By comparing group processes and products to standards and goals, individuals can assess their progress and determine whether they are on track. This reflection allows the group to make necessary adjustments, resolve conflicts, and improve overall performance.

Based on the explanations provided, (a), demonstrating openness and acceptance, seems to be the best choice. It aligns with the goals of loyalty-building, conflict resolution, and smooth group functioning.