which of the following has the force of law although it does not become a law?
a. a joint resolution
b. a bill
c. a concurrent resolution
d. a resolution
d.
I think you're right.
The correct answer is d. a resolution.
The correct answer is: a joint resolution.
To understand why a joint resolution has the force of law even though it does not become a law, it is important to understand the legislative process in the United States.
A bill is a proposed law that goes through a series of steps before it can become a law. It is introduced and debated in either the House of Representatives or the Senate, and then it must be approved by both chambers in the exact same form before being sent to the President for signature. If the President signs the bill, it becomes a law.
On the other hand, a resolution is a formal expression of the opinion, will, or intention of one of the chambers (either House of Representatives or Senate). Resolutions do not have the force of law and do not go through the same legislative process as bills.
However, there are two types of resolutions: concurrent resolutions and joint resolutions. While a concurrent resolution is a legislative measure that needs to be passed by both the House and the Senate but does not require the President's signature, a joint resolution does need the President's signature to become a law.
So, even though a joint resolution goes through a similar legislative process to a bill, in that it needs to be approved by both chambers and signed by the President, it is technically not called a "law" but still holds the force of law. This means that it has the same legal effect as a law, and its provisions must be followed like any other law.