1. Identify and describe at least four frameworks that can be used in understanding mental health problems.
In understanding mental health problems, there are several frameworks that can be used to gain insight and provide a comprehensive understanding. Here are four commonly used frameworks:
1. Biopsychosocial Model: This framework considers the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to mental health problems. It recognizes that mental health issues can be a result of various interplay between genetic predispositions, biological factors (such as brain chemistry), psychological influences (such as thoughts and emotions), and social determinants (like environment, relationships, and culture).
To understand mental health problems using this model, professionals analyze the biological factors, such as studying brain structures and imbalances in neurotransmitters; assess psychological factors like cognitive patterns, emotions, and coping mechanisms; and recognize social factors, such as family dynamics, social support, and cultural influences.
2. Cognitive-Behavioral Model: This framework focuses on cognitive processes (thinking patterns) and behavioral aspects to understand mental health problems. It emphasizes that people's thoughts, beliefs, and interpretations of events play a crucial role in affecting emotions and behaviors. It suggests that maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors contribute to mental health issues.
Using the cognitive-behavioral model, therapists help individuals identify and challenge irrational or negative thoughts, develop healthier thinking patterns, and learn adaptive behaviors. By changing the way individuals think and behave, the aim is to improve mental health and overall well-being.
3. Social-ecological Model: This framework recognizes that mental health problems are influenced by factors at multiple levels, including the individual, interpersonal, community, and societal levels. It takes into account the diverse systems that people interact with, such as families, schools, workplaces, communities, and the larger sociocultural context.
When using the social-ecological approach, professionals examine how factors such as family dynamics, social support networks, community resources, cultural norms, societal stigma, and access to mental health services impact an individual's mental well-being. The focus is on understanding the broader social context in which mental health problems arise and identifying interventions at different levels to facilitate positive change.
4. Recovery-oriented Model: This framework shifts the focus from a solely diagnostic and deficit-based approach to one that emphasizes recovery and resilience. It acknowledges that individuals experiencing mental health problems have strengths and can lead fulfilling lives with appropriate support.
In the recovery-oriented model, practitioners work collaboratively with individuals to identify their strengths, set goals, develop coping strategies, and create a supportive environment. This approach emphasizes self-determination, empowerment, and hope-centered practices that promote personal growth and well-being.
To fully understand these frameworks and their application, it is essential to consult professional literature, research articles, and consult with mental health experts.