which organic compounds and cellular organelles are in protein synthesis?
I found the organelles but don't know the organic compounds? I am confused about this one,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis
I believe that they are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. I would like to know what the cellular organelles are?
In protein synthesis, the major organic compounds involved are amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH). There are 20 different amino acids that can be used to assemble proteins.
During protein synthesis, the cellular organelles involved are mainly the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria.
1. Nucleus: The nucleus contains the DNA, which holds the genetic instructions for protein synthesis. Within the nucleus, the DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) in a process called transcription.
2. Ribosomes: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. They can be found either freely floating in the cytoplasm (free ribosomes) or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (bound ribosomes). Ribosomes read the mRNA and use the information to assemble proteins.
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): The rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins. As the ribosomes on the ER synthesize proteins, the ER helps in folding them into their proper 3D structure and can also modify them by adding sugars or lipids.
4. Golgi Apparatus: The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the ER and further modifies, sorts, and packages them for transport to their final destinations within the cell or outside of it.
5. Mitochondria: While not directly involved in the synthesis of proteins, mitochondria are responsible for producing the energy required for protein synthesis. They generate ATP through cellular respiration, which fuels many cellular processes, including protein synthesis.
It's important to note that while carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids are essential components of cells, they are not directly involved in the process of protein synthesis. Proteins are composed of amino acids, and thus, the focus of protein synthesis is mainly on amino acids and the cellular organelles mentioned above.