Write down (a) condensed and (b) skeletal structural formulas for isomers of an organic substance whose chemical formula has 5 carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms and (c) provide the common name for each of the isomers
C5H12
so there are no double bonds or equivalents
CH3(CH2)3CH3 (pentane)
(CH3)2CHCH2CH3 (2 methyl butane)
CH3(CH3)2CCH3 (2,2 dimethyl propane)
To find the isomers of an organic substance with 5 carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms, we need to consider the different ways these atoms can be arranged. Here's how you can find and name the isomers:
(a) Condensed Structural Formulas:
To write down the condensed structural formulas, we use line drawings where carbon atoms are implied at the endpoints and intersections of lines. Each line represents a bond, and hydrogen atoms are not explicitly shown. Here are the possible condensed structural formulas for the isomers:
1. Pentane: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
2. 2-Methylbutane: CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
3. 2,2-Dimethylpropane: (CH3)3C-CH3
(b) Skeletal Structural Formulas:
In skeletal structural formulas, straight lines represent carbon-carbon bonds, and carbon and hydrogen atoms are implied at the endpoints and intersections of lines. Here are the skeletal structural formulas for each isomer:
1. Pentane: H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
2. 2-Methylbutane: H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
3. 2,2-Dimethylpropane: (CH3)3C-CH3
(c) Common Names for the Isomers:
The common names of the isomers are based on the number and position of substituents on the carbon chain:
1. Pentane: No substituents, so the common name is simply "pentane."
2. 2-Methylbutane: The methyl group (-CH3) is attached to the second carbon, so the common name is "isopentane."
3. 2,2-Dimethylpropane: Both methyl groups (-CH3) are attached to the second carbon, so the common name is "neopentane."
By following these steps, you can determine the condensed and skeletal structural formulas, as well as the common names, for the isomers of an organic substance with 5 carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms.