Why during melting, particles gain energy and vibrate more, until they are able to overcome the forces that hold them in their fixed position?
Why during boiling, particles gain kinetic energy and move quickly until they can completely break the forced holding them together?
Why during condensation, particles lose energy and move more slowly as they become close together?
Why during freezing, heat energy is released when the particles slow down to take up their fixes position?
Explain all of the above by your own simplified and easy understanding.
Thank you very much! :)
Try you hand at answering these. It's just common sense that if you add energy the molecules vibrate more and move faster with more energy.
Sure! I'd be happy to explain these concepts in a simplified and easy-to-understand manner.
When a substance melts, its particles, which could be atoms or molecules, gain energy. This energy causes the particles to vibrate more vigorously. The particles are usually held together by attractive forces, such as intermolecular or intramolecular forces. As the particles gain energy and vibrate more, they eventually reach a point where they can overcome these forces that hold them in their fixed positions. This allows the substance to change from a solid to a liquid, as the particles are now able to move more freely.
Similarly, when a substance boils, its particles gain kinetic energy. This energy causes the particles to move more quickly and with higher speeds. When the particles gain enough kinetic energy, they are able to break the attractive forces between them completely. This leads to the transformation of the substance from a liquid to a gas, as the particles are now free to move independently.
In the process of condensation, the opposite occurs. The particles of a gas lose energy, which causes them to slow down and move more slowly. As they lose energy, the particles become close together because the attractive forces between them become dominant. This results in the transformation of the substance from a gas to a liquid, as the particles come together and form a more condensed arrangement.
Lastly, during freezing, heat energy is released. This occurs because the particles of a substance, which are moving and vibrating freely in a liquid state, start to slow down and lose energy. As the particles lose energy, they gradually take up their fixed positions and form a regular pattern, which is characteristic of a solid. The release of heat energy is due to the particles giving off their excess energy as they transition from a more disordered liquid state to a more orderly solid state.
I hope this explanation helps clarify these concepts for you! Let me know if you have any more questions.