Which of the following changes will decrease the total amount of gaseous solute able to be dissolved in a liter of liquid water?
increasing temperature
increasing pressure
decreasing surface area
decreasing temperature
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To determine which of the listed changes will decrease the total amount of gaseous solute able to be dissolved in a liter of liquid water, we need to understand the factors that affect solubility.
1. Increasing temperature: This change will actually increase the solubility of most gases in water. As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of water molecules also increases, which allows for more collisions between water molecules and gas molecules. Consequently, more gas molecules can dissolve in the water, resulting in an increase in solubility.
2. Increasing pressure: A change in pressure does not significantly affect the solubility of gaseous solutes in liquid water when the pressure is below the saturation point. However, if the gas is already at high partial pressure, increasing the external pressure can increase the solubility. Therefore, in general, increasing pressure doesn't decrease solubility.
3. Decreasing surface area: The surface area of the water does not directly affect the solubility of gaseous solutes. Solubility is primarily determined by the nature of the solute and solvent, as well as temperature and pressure.
4. Decreasing temperature: This change will decrease the solubility of most gases in water. As temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of water molecules decreases, resulting in fewer collisions between water and gas molecules. Therefore, less gas can dissolve in water at lower temperatures, leading to a decrease in solubility.
Based on these explanations, the correct answer is decreasing temperature. This change will decrease the total amount of gaseous solute able to be dissolved in a liter of liquid water.