What is the result we get when NaOH and Na2CO3 solution are added to alcohol respectively in difference test tubes? (2)Discuss the reactions of aldehydes with fehling's solution.Give the relevant equation. (3)How would ethanoic acid react with ammonia(NH3) and sodium hydroxide(NaOH) respectively? (4)Why would you regard an amine as a base? (5)What do you notice when you a little quantity of th sample wit diluted NaOH?
To get the answers to these questions, we need to understand the specific reactions and properties of the substances mentioned in the questions. Let's go through each question one by one.
1. What is the result we get when NaOH and Na2CO3 solution are added to alcohol respectively in different test tubes?
To determine the result of adding NaOH and Na2CO3 solutions to alcohol, we need to understand the properties of each substance. NaOH (sodium hydroxide) is a strong base, while Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate) is a weak base. When added to alcohol, NaOH will likely undergo a reaction known as saponification, where the base reacts with the ester group in the alcohol, resulting in the formation of soap and alcoholate ions. On the other hand, Na2CO3 may not react extensively with alcohol under normal conditions.
2. Discuss the reactions of aldehydes with Fehling's solution. Give the relevant equation.
Fehling's solution is a common chemical reagent used to test for the presence of reducing sugars, particularly aldehydes. The main active component of Fehling's solution is a mixture of copper (II) ions complexed with tartrate ions. In the presence of aldehydes, the Cu(II) ions are reduced to Cu(I), resulting in the formation of a reddish-brown precipitate or color change. The relevant equation for the reaction can be represented as follows:
2Cu^2+ + RCHO + 5OH^- -> RCOO^- + Cu2O + 3H2O
(RCHO represents an aldehyde)
3. How would ethanoic acid react with ammonia (NH3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) respectively?
Ethanoic acid (also known as acetic acid) can react differently with ammonia (NH3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) due to the different properties of these substances. When ethanoic acid reacts with ammonia, it forms a salt known as ammonium acetate (NH4CH3COO). On the other hand, when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, it undergoes a neutralization reaction to form sodium acetate (CH3COONa) and water (H2O). The relevant equations are as follows:
Reaction with ammonia: CH3COOH + NH3 -> NH4CH3COO
Reaction with sodium hydroxide: CH3COOH + NaOH -> CH3COONa + H2O
4. Why would you regard an amine as a base?
Amines are organic compounds that contain an amino group (-NH2) bonded to a carbon atom. Amines are considered bases because they have the ability to accept a proton (H+ ion) and form a positively charged ion known as an ammonium ion (NH4+). This basic property arises from the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom in the amine molecule, which can form a coordinate covalent bond with a proton. Hence, amines can react with acids and neutralize them by accepting protons.
5. What do you notice when you add a little quantity of the sample with diluted NaOH?
To determine the observations when adding a small quantity of the sample with diluted NaOH (sodium hydroxide), we need more specific information about the nature of the sample. In general, when NaOH is added to a solution, it can react with acidic compounds to form water and salts. The reaction may result in various observations such as color changes, precipitation, or the generation of gas (e.g., evolution of carbon dioxide). Without more information about the sample and its properties, it is difficult to provide a specific answer.