why archaeologist and environmental scientists were worried about the effect of an oil refinery which was close to Taj Mahal at Agra?
Archaeologists and environmental scientists were worried about the effect of an oil refinery close to the Taj Mahal in Agra for several reasons:
1. Air pollution: Oil refineries release various pollutants into the air, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. These pollutants can contribute to smog, reduce air quality, and lead to respiratory problems. Since the Taj Mahal is made of white marble, it is highly susceptible to discoloration and damage from air pollution.
2. Acid rain: The emissions from an oil refinery can result in the formation of acidic compounds in the atmosphere. When these compounds mix with rainwater, they can cause acid rain. Acid rain can corrode and erode the delicate marble surfaces of the Taj Mahal, leading to irreversible damage.
3. Dust and soot deposition: The operation and transportation activities associated with an oil refinery can generate significant amounts of dust and soot. These particles can settle on the Taj Mahal's exterior and gradually accumulate over time, discoloring and degrading its pristine appearance.
4. Groundwater contamination: Oil refineries often require substantial amounts of water for their operations. If not managed properly, the disposal of wastewater and the potential leakage of hazardous materials can contaminate the groundwater in the vicinity. The Taj Mahal relies on a nearby river, the Yamuna, for its water needs. If the river water is polluted, it could affect the Taj Mahal's long-term preservation.
To assess the impact of the oil refinery on the Taj Mahal, scientists would conduct various studies, including air quality monitoring, deposition analysis, and groundwater sampling. They would also evaluate the refinery's adherence to environmental regulations, such as proper emission control and wastewater treatment processes.