What was the nature and extent of the Umayyad Empire?

How did the Abbasid Empire differ from the Umayyad Empire?

What were the achievements of the Arab phase of Islamic development ending in 750?

I just want to know how they want me to answer these questions ie. examples.

What was the nature and extent of the Umayyad Empire?

You could start out with where and how large this empire was.
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&source=hp&biw=1173&bih=582&q=umayyad+empire+location&aq=1&aqi=g10&aql=&oq=Umayyad+


How did the Abbasid Empire differ from the Umayyad Empire?
Make two lists -- one including the features of the Abbasid Empire and one including the features of the Umayyad Empire. Once you do that, you should be able to clearly see how they were similar and how they were different. Write about the differences.
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&biw=1173&bih=582&q=umayyad+empire+history&aq=5&aqi=g6g-v4&aql=&oq=umayyad+empire+
and
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&biw=1173&bih=582&q=abbasid+empire+history&aq=0v&aqi=g-v1&aql=&oq=Abbasid+empire+history


What were the achievements of the Arab phase of Islamic development ending in 750?
1. Go to http://www.google.com

2. Type in achievements of arab phase of islamic development to 750 AD (or whatever search terms you need). Press Enter.

3. Read different search results until you find what you need.

4. Re-search with different search terms if you don't find all you need.

To answer these questions, I will provide a step-by-step breakdown of each question:

1. Nature and extent of the Umayyad Empire:
- The Umayyad Empire was an Islamic dynasty that ruled from 661 to 750 CE.
- It was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan and was based in Damascus, Syria.
- The empire extended its influence from Spain in the west to the Indus River in the east, covering a vast territory.
- It maintained political control over regions with diverse populations, including Arabs, Persians, Berbers, and Christians.
- The Umayyads established Arabic as the imperial language and implemented a centralized administration based on the pre-Islamic Persian and Byzantine bureaucratic systems.

2. Differences between the Abbasid Empire and the Umayyad Empire:
- The Abbasid Empire succeeded the Umayyads and ruled from 750 to 1258 CE.
- The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyads in a revolution that symbolized the shift of power from Arab tribal leadership to a more cosmopolitan Islamic ruling elite.
- Unlike the Umayyads, who favored Arab supremacy, the Abbasids aimed to be more inclusive and stressed the importance of Islamic unity over Arab identity.
- While the Umayyads had a centralized administration, the Abbasids adopted a more decentralized system and provided more autonomy to local officials.
- The Abbasids also moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad, which became a center for trade, education, and cultural exchange.

3. Achievements of the Arab phase of Islamic development up to 750:
- The Arab phase of Islamic development refers to the period from the Arab conquests in the 7th century until the fall of the Umayyad Empire in 750.
- The Islamic civilization during this period made significant achievements in various fields.
- In the realm of science and philosophy, Arab scholars preserved and translated ancient Greek and Roman texts, contributing to advancements in medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy.
- Islamic scholars, known as "mutakallimun," developed the discipline of kalam, exploring matters of faith and rational inquiry.
- The Arab phase of Islamic development also witnessed notable architectural achievements, such as the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and the Great Mosque of Damascus.
- The administration of the Umayyads, influenced by Byzantine and Persian models, brought stability to their vast empire by implementing a system of provincial governance.
- Lastly, the Arab conquests facilitated the spread of Islam, bringing new communities under the umbrella of Islamic civilization.

Remember, these are just examples to structure your answers. Feel free to add more specific details or expand on the topics as needed.

To answer your questions, it is important to understand some historical context. The Umayyad Empire and the Abbasid Empire were two successive dynasties that ruled over the Islamic world. Here's how you can approach answering each question:

1. What was the nature and extent of the Umayyad Empire?
To answer this question, it is helpful to explain the geographical extent and characteristics of the Umayyad Empire. You can mention that the Umayyads ruled from 661 to 750 and their empire extended from Spain in the west to Persia in the east. Additionally, you can emphasize that the empire was centralized, autocratic, and heavily influenced by Arab culture.

2. How did the Abbasid Empire differ from the Umayyad Empire?
To tackle this question, you should highlight the key differences between the Umayyad Empire and the Abbasid Empire. You can mention that the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyads in a revolution, marking the shift of power from the Arab elites to a more diverse Islamic society. Notably, the Abbasids moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad, signaling a shift towards a more cosmopolitan and multicultural empire. Additionally, the Abbasid Empire adopted a less centralized approach, granting more autonomy to provincial governors and relying on bureaucracy to manage affairs.

3. What were the achievements of the Arab phase of Islamic development ending in 750?
This question focuses on the contributions and advancements that occurred during the Arab phase of Islamic history. You can mention significant achievements such as the rapid expansion of the Islamic territories, the establishment of a strong legal and administrative system, the advancement of art and architecture, and the preservation and translation of ancient Greek and Roman texts. Additionally, you can highlight economic prosperity, trade expansion, and advancements in science, medicine, and astronomy.

Remember to provide specific examples and evidence to support your answers. The more specific and detailed your examples, the better you will be able to demonstrate your understanding of the topic.