Can you please give me a brief explanation of Rutherfords experiment?
You can find many clear and concise explanations online, using a search engine.
Here is one that I like, with some action graphics:
http://regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys05/catomodel/ruther.htm
Rutherford used an alpha ray (actually particle) beam to bombard very thin metal foils. Some of the alpha particles (He ions--2+ charged) were deflected a little, some more than that, and some were actually reflected at different angles. but most simply passed through the foil as if it were transparent.. The theory at the time was that of J.J. Thomson and his plum pudding model. That model had the atom consisting of a "ball" (like pudding) with electrons stuck into the pudding like plums. Rutherford was surprised that most of the particles went through undeflected--to do that meant that the atom was mostly space. The few times the alpha particles were deflected meant that most of the mass of the atom had to be concentrated in a core, which was named the nucleus AND that it had to be positively charged.
I like that animation.
the experience of rutherford
Sure! Ernest Rutherford's experiment, also known as the gold foil experiment or the Rutherford scattering experiment, was conducted in 1909 to understand the structure of an atom. Here's a brief explanation of how the experiment worked:
1. Rutherford and his team used a thin sheet of gold foil and a source of alpha particles.
2. Alpha particles are positively charged particles, similar to the nucleus of a helium atom. They were shot towards the gold foil from a radioactive source.
3. According to the prevailing Thomson's model of the atom, the negatively charged electrons were thought to be spread uniformly throughout the atom, like a "plum pudding" with positive charge evenly distributed throughout.
4. Rutherford's goal was to test this model by observing how the alpha particles interacted with the gold foil.
5. He expected the alpha particles to pass straight through the gold foil since the Thomson model suggested that the positive charge was evenly distributed.
6. However, to his surprise, some of the alpha particles were deflected at large angles, and a few even bounced back in the direction they came from.
7. This unexpected result led Rutherford to conclude that the atom is mostly empty space with a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center.
8. He proposed a new model in which the majority of the atom's mass and positive charge were concentrated in a tiny nucleus, while the negatively charged electrons orbited around it.
In summary, Rutherford's experiment provided evidence for the existence of a tiny, dense, positively charged atomic nucleus, challenging the prevailing model of the atom at that time. His discovery led to the development of the modern understanding of atomic structure.