Would you like to help me answers some of my questions in Biology?
1/ Darwin concluded that the most well adapted individuals in a population will leave the most offspring for future generations. This can be considered a measure of an individual's..
a/ phylogeny
b/ family tree
c/ fitness
d/ trophic success
2/Structures that serve little or no purpose in the organism being considered, but are homologous to important structures in other organisms, are referred to as
a/ analogous
b/ mutations
c/ vestigial
d/ convergent
3/Although they all have different phenotypes, the various breeds of domestic dogs have been selectively bred for specific desiable traits. This human- controlled activity is best described as
a/ natural selection
b/ artificial selection
c/ comparative anatomy
d/ convergent evolution
4/ Which of these interactions affects natural selection?
a/ competition
b/ predation
c/ parasitism
d/ all of these
5/ Natural selection selects for or against...
a/ genotypes
b/ phenotypes
c/ communities
d/ ecosystems
6/ Polyploidy as mechanism of speciation occurs most commonly in which of the following organisms?
a/ plants
b/ molluscs
c/ fungi
d/ salamanders
e/ polychaete worms
7/ Among animals, it is believed that the most common mode of speciation is
a/ sympatric
b/ allopatric
c/ chromosomal
d/ directional
e/ autopolyploidy
8/ A breeder of thoroughbreds selects only the fastest horses for breeding stock. This is an example of artificial _________ selection
a/ frequency- dependent
b/ directional
c/ disruptive
d/ sexual
e/ stabilizing
9/ Species that are only distantly related but occupy similar environments often come to resemble each other through a process known as:
a/ genetic drift
b/ divergent evolution
c/ stabilizing selection
d/ coevolution
e/ convergent evolution
10/ Some animal species found in caves have tiny, nonfunctional eyes. These are BEST described as
a/ analogous structures
b/ homologous structures
c/ vestigial structures
d/ mutations
Thanks so much.
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What would the answer to question 2 be?
Just curious.
Of course, I would be happy to help you with your biology questions! Here are the answers with explanations:
1/ The correct answer is c/ fitness. Darwin concluded that individuals with higher fitness, meaning those that are most well adapted to their environment, will leave more offspring for future generations. Fitness is a measure of an individual's ability to survive and reproduce.
2/ The correct answer is c/ vestigial. Structures that serve little or no purpose in the organism being considered but have homologous counterparts in other organisms are called vestigial structures. These structures are remnants of organs or features that were functional in ancestral species but have lost their original function in the organism in question.
3/ The correct answer is b/ artificial selection. The various breeds of domestic dogs have been selectively bred by humans to enhance specific desirable traits. In contrast, natural selection is the process by which individuals with certain traits that are advantageous for survival and reproduction have higher fitness and pass on those traits to future generations.
4/ The correct answer is d/ all of these. All of the interactions mentioned (competition, predation, and parasitism) can affect natural selection. These interactions can influence the survival and reproductive success of individuals with certain traits, determining which traits are more advantageous and therefore more likely to be passed on to future generations.
5/ The correct answer is b/ phenotypes. Natural selection acts on phenotypes, which are the observable traits of an organism. Individuals with phenotypes that are advantageous for survival and reproduction are more likely to have higher fitness and pass on their traits to future generations.
6/ The correct answer is a/ plants. Polyploidy, which is a condition in which an organism has multiple sets of chromosomes instead of the usual two sets, occurs more frequently in plants than in other organisms. Polyploidy can lead to speciation as the polyploid organism may be reproductively isolated from its diploid relatives.
7/ The correct answer is b/ allopatric. Among animals, the most common mode of speciation (the process by which new species arise) is allopatric speciation. This occurs when populations of the same species become geographically isolated from each other and evolve independently.
8/ The correct answer is b/ directional. In this scenario, the breeder is selecting only the fastest horses for breeding. This is an example of directional selection, as the breeder is favoring individuals with a trait (speed) and, over time, the population's average speed may increase due to this selective pressure.
9/ The correct answer is e/ convergent evolution. When species that are distantly related but occupy similar environments come to resemble each other, it is referred to as convergent evolution. This can happen due to similar selective pressures acting on different lineages, leading to the development of similar traits.
10/ The correct answer is c/ vestigial structures. Animals found in caves that have tiny, nonfunctional eyes are best described as having vestigial structures. These structures are remnants of functional eyes that have lost their original purpose due to the cave-dwelling environment.
I hope these explanations help clarify the answers to your biology questions! If you have any further questions, feel free to ask.