1. Stress can be the root cause of psychological disorders. Name four symptoms shared by acute and posttraumatic stress disorders.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/DS00246/DSECTION=symptoms
This might help a little more:
http://www.members.cox.net/dagershaw/lol/Stress1.htm
To identify the four symptoms shared by acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we need to understand the characteristics of these disorders.
Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) is a psychological disorder that occurs in response to a traumatic event. Symptoms of ASD typically emerge within three days to one month after the traumatic event and last for a duration of three days to one month.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a more persistent psychological disorder that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. The symptoms of PTSD may begin immediately after the trauma or can be delayed, and they last for more than one month.
Now, let's identify four symptoms shared by both ASD and PTSD:
1. Intrusive thoughts or flashbacks: Individuals with ASD and PTSD may experience distressing, involuntary memories or flashbacks of the traumatic event. These intrusive thoughts can create a sense of reliving the trauma, leading to anxiety and distress.
2. Avoidance behaviors: Both ASD and PTSD are characterized by efforts to avoid reminders of the traumatic event. This can manifest as avoiding certain places, activities, or people that remind the individual of the traumatic experience. Avoidance behaviors aim to minimize distress associated with the event.
3. Negative changes in mood and cognition: Individuals with both ASD and PTSD often experience negative changes in their thoughts and emotions. This can include persistent negative beliefs or expectations about oneself or the world, distorted thoughts, or an inability to experience positive emotions. They may also feel detached from others or have difficulties recalling specific aspects of the traumatic event.
4. Hyperarousal or increased anxiety: Individuals with both ASD and PTSD may have heightened levels of anxiety, leading to a state of constant alertness or hyperarousal. This can manifest as difficulty sleeping, irritability, hypervigilance, being easily startled, or having problems with concentration.
Please note that it's essential to consult a mental health professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment if you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms.