Example: Sulfur Trioxide
Chemical formula: SO3
Valence e-: ?
Needed e-: ?
Difference/Bond: ??
Please help me!
I don't understand what you mean by valence electrons, and needed.
Sulfur trioxide is a trigonal planar molecule of D3h symmetry, as predicted by VSEPR theory. Sulfur is in +6 oxidation state, surrounded by 6 electron pairs, most of these electrons are non bonding.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_trioxide
To determine the valence electrons in sulfur trioxide (SO3), you need to know the electron configuration of each atom involved.
First, let's determine the electron configuration of sulfur (S). Sulfur (atomic number 16) has the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4. To find the number of valence electrons of sulfur, look at the outermost energy level, which is the third energy level in this case. The 3s and 3p sublevels contain a total of 6 valence electrons.
Next, let's determine the electron configuration of oxygen (O). Oxygen (atomic number 8) has the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p4. The outermost energy level, which is the second energy level in this case, contains 6 valence electrons in total.
Now, let's consider the molecular formula SO3. Since there is one sulfur atom and 3 oxygen atoms in the molecule, multiply the number of valence electrons for each element by their respective amounts in the molecule.
For sulfur (S), there is one atom with 6 valence electrons, so you have 1 × 6 = 6 valence electrons.
For oxygen (O), there are three atoms, each with 6 valence electrons, so you have 3 × 6 = 18 valence electrons.
To determine the total number of valence electrons in SO3, add up the valence electrons from sulfur and oxygen: 6 + 18 = 24 valence electrons.
Regarding the "needed electrons," it seems you are asking about the number of electrons needed for each atom to achieve a stable electron configuration. In this case, sulfur needs 2 more electrons to achieve a stable configuration because it wants to have 8 valence electrons (octet rule). Each oxygen atom needs 2 more electrons as well. This is important for understanding how atoms will bond with each other.
The "difference/bond" refers to the difference in the number of valence electrons an atom has compared to what it needs to achieve a stable configuration. In this case, sulfur has 6 valence electrons and needs 2 more electrons, so the difference is 2. Each oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons and also needs 2 more, so the difference is also 2.
These differences in valence electrons will lead the atoms to form bonds with each other to share or transfer electrons and achieve stability. In the case of sulfur trioxide, sulfur forms a double bond with one oxygen atom and a single bond with two other oxygen atoms to complete their valence electron octets. This results in the chemical formula SO3 and a stable compound.