Ammonium sulfate can be made by the reaction H2SO4 + 2 NH3 ® (NH4)2SO4. What quantity of ammonium sulfate will result from the reaction of 5.00 kg of ammonia and 20.0 kg of sulfuric acid?
19.4kg
To find the quantity of ammonium sulfate that will result from the reaction, we need to use stoichiometry, which involves using the balanced chemical equation and converting the given masses into moles, and then using the stoichiometric ratio to find the quantity.
1. Start by writing the balanced chemical equation:
H2SO4 + 2 NH3 -> (NH4)2SO4
2. Calculate the molar masses of the given substances:
Molar mass of NH3 = 14.01 g/mol
Molar mass of H2SO4 = 98.09 g/mol
3. Convert the given masses into moles:
Number of moles of NH3 = mass of NH3 / molar mass of NH3
Number of moles of NH3 = 5000 g / 14.01 g/mol = 356.17 mol (rounded to 3 decimal places)
Number of moles of H2SO4 = mass of H2SO4 / molar mass of H2SO4
Number of moles of H2SO4 = 20000 g / 98.09 g/mol = 203.81 mol (rounded to 3 decimal places)
4. Use the stoichiometric ratio from the balanced equation to determine the limiting reactant.
The stoichiometric ratio between NH3 and (NH4)2SO4 is 2:1. Therefore, for every 2 moles of NH3, 1 mole of (NH4)2SO4 is produced.
Based on the stoichiometric ratio, 356.17 moles of NH3 would produce 178.09 moles of (NH4)2SO4.
5. Calculate the mass of ammonium sulfate produced:
Mass of (NH4)2SO4 = number of moles of (NH4)2SO4 × molar mass of (NH4)2SO4
Mass of (NH4)2SO4 = 178.09 mol × 132.14 g/mol = 23,540.47 g (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore, 5.00 kg of ammonia and 20.0 kg of sulfuric acid will produce approximately 23.54 kg (or 23,540.47 g) of ammonium sulfate.
This is a limiting reagent problem; I know that because the problem gives BOTH reactants. I solve these by solving two simple stoichiometry problems (simple meaning they are not limiting). Here is a solved example. Just follow the steps. Determine moles of one of the products using the first reactant; follow the same procedure for the second reactant. In limiting reagent problems, the SMALLER number is ALWAYS the correct one to use.
http://www.jiskha.com/science/chemistry/stoichiometry.html
Post your work if you get stuck.
Ammonium sulfate can be made by the reaction H2SO4 + 2 NH3 → (NH4)2SO4. What quantity of ammonium sulfate will result from the reaction of 5.00 kg of ammonia and 20.0 kg of sulfuric acid?
A. 13.5 kg