a) Aluminum Chloride has a universal indicator color of red and the Ph of 4.0
b) Sodium Carbonate has a universal indicator color of violet and the Ph of 9.5.
c) Ammonium Acetate has a universal indicator color of green and the Ph of 7.5
For the following salts give an explanation of these salts should have these Ph with an equation to show Hydrolysis????
To understand why these salts have the reported pH values and undergo hydrolysis, we need to examine their constituent ions and their interactions with water. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction where water molecules react with the ions of a salt, leading to the formation of new compounds and potentially affecting the pH.
a) Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3):
Aluminum chloride dissociates into Al3+ ions and Cl- ions in water. The aluminum ion has a strong positive charge, making it highly polarizing. As a result, it attracts water molecules and undergoes hydrolysis, leading to the formation of hydrated aluminum species. The hydrolysis of Al3+ ions results in the release of H+ ions, lowering the pH of the solution. The equation for hydrolysis is:
Al3+ + 3H2O ⇌ Al(OH)3 + 3H+
b) Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3):
Sodium carbonate dissociates into Na+ ions and CO3^2- ions in water. The dissolved CO3^2- ions react with water, undergoing hydrolysis and releasing hydroxide ions (OH-). The presence of hydroxide ions increases the concentration of OH- ions in the solution, resulting in a higher pH. The equation for hydrolysis is:
CO3^2- + H2O ⇌ HCO3- + OH-
c) Ammonium Acetate (NH4C2H3O2):
Ammonium acetate dissociates into NH4+ ions and C2H3O2- ions in water. The NH4+ ion is a strong acid and can donate a proton (H+ ion) to water, resulting in the formation of ammonium hydroxide and increasing the pH of the solution. The equation for hydrolysis is:
NH4+ + H2O ⇌ NH3 + H3O+
It is important to note that the pH values given are approximate and may vary depending on the concentration and temperature of the solutions.